How do you intend to use the skills and knowledge gained from the Essay

How would you mean to utilize the aptitudes and information picked up from the Public Sector Leadership and Management Institute in your present position - Essay Example The open will in this manner get the road of communicating their anxiety and ventilating their complaints. Subsequently, the nearby government will improve the nature of administration in their locale. What's more, the usage of a client relationship the executives will guarantee that there is fascination, maintenance, and getting back previous clients to the association. From the information leant, one can execute a framework which is client amicable and that lessens protection from change. Solid opposition powers that require fundamental information on change the board normally meet the modification of business as usual (Christensen and Per 25). There is therefore need to guarantee that the execution is progressive and that dominant part if not the entirety of the customers are associated with the procedure as scholarly in change the executives. From the information gained, it will be anything but difficult to embrace straightforward strategies that decrease expenses and increment reaction and fulfillment of clients. In addition, the aptitudes obtained through the preparation will help with guaranteeing that the arrangements of the neighborhood government are key and future situated. The achievability abilities and assessment probability will be applied in checking progress and recognizing deviations with the goal that remedial activities are sought after (Christensen and Per 25). Taking everything into account, the abilities and information got is instrumental in the general comprehension of the executives procedure just as the need to improve institutional execution. the information and abilities must be applied after cautiously assessing the effect and gaining the certainty of partners. The procedure ought to be adaptable to take a gander at the various idea of interests of

Written Assignment Essay Example For Students

Composed Assignment Essay In Juan Rulfo’s epic Pedro Paramo, the image of downpour and water is a portrayal of both the formation of life and love and annihilation and loss of expectation. Pedro Paramo happens in a dry and infertile land where time has gotten repetitive and the future offers no expectation for change. Nonetheless, it has not generally been that way, since a considerable lot of the characters recall when downpours fell on a land that was honored with plenitude, when individuals were upbeat, and dreams of a superior future were conceivable. This staggering impression of a heaven which has been lost gives a clarification to the sentiment of baffle in the novel. We will compose a custom article on Written Assignment explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Downpour is sustenance for the earth and is known as the water of life. This is found frequently in the previous ordered occasions of the third individual account when Pedro Paramo is youthful. Frequently it is pouring while Pedro fantasizes about Susana making these rainfalls positive. Downpour drops can represent sky tears and helping can be viewed as sky outrage. This tempest is a portrayal of trust later on in this land in light of the fact that the wrongdoings of the individuals can be excused. During this time downpour is related with a positive sentiment of plenitude, happiness and fulfillment. It isn't some time before a change happens in the affiliations that are associated with the picture of water. Now Pedro Paramo is thinking about the day that Susana leaves, and it currently becomes obvious that the positive period of the water-symbolism has reached a conclusion. â€Å"The windowpanes were clouded over and raindrops were stringing down like tears†¦ I watched the streams glimmering in the lightning flashes, and each breath I inhaled, I murmured. What's more, every idea I considered was you, Susana† (Pg. 15). Where prior pictures brimming with shading and light mirrored the joy Pedro experienced in the organization of his adored, these drops of water are related with the tears created by the mind-boggling feeling of her misfortune. Water will currently be seen all through the remainder of the novel with a negative undertone. Not long after this prologue to rain as a negative image, it is utilized to present the passing of wear Lucas Pedro’s father. It starts with a portrayal of falling water, and the drops that flood onto the floor hint the spilling of blood which is to follow. The demise of wear Lucas is a pivotal point in the novel since it is as of now that Pedro assumes control over his family’s issues, including the execution of the individuals who went to the wedding where his dad was murdered. For some time, the water-theme stops to show up; in any case, as he talks with Dorotea in their regular grave, Juan Preciado makes reference to that it is coming down. This fills in as an upgrade which delivers an arrival to the third individual story where Fulgor Sedano is watching the downpour on a shady morning. Toward the finish of this section Fulgor predicts, â€Å"We’ll have downpour for a decent while† (pg. 65), which at that point transforms into the flood. Now in the novel the downpour has become an image of the dangerous impact of Pedro Paramo which falls on the land and its kin. From one perspective, Fulgor Sedano talks as a rancher who is thankful for the downpour which falls on the recently furrowed ground; in any case, when he addresses the downpour it is additionally as if he is empowering the activities of Pedro Paramo. His reference to the recently furrowed ground is an abhorrent token of the individuals who have been murdered, and afterward covered, with the goal that this underhanded force may keep on succeeding. .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b , .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b .postImageUrl , .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b , .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b:hover , .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b:visited , .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b:active { border:0!important; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b:active , .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uff7a395 ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uff7a395ed67fc6e2583140a09a762e8b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Albert Camus' L'Etranger EssayBy now Pedro has had the option to restore contact with Susana San Juan, thus that his control of her life will be finished, he has educated Fulgor Sedano to execute her dad, Bartolome San Juan. As Susana battles with the frenzy which has come about because of the loss of her first spouse, the steady solid of downpour frames a contradiction to her considerations. Somebody comes to report that her dad has kicked the bucket, and like Pedro Paramo’s impact, the downpour keeps on falling just as it will never end. At long last, a day comes when the downpour stops. In any case, the danger w hich the downpour speaks to has not finished, since it has now been supplanted by the breeze. This is the breeze that brought the downpour, and it hence contains a similar dangerous potential as in the past. With the loss of his capacity in the Mexican Revolution, it is clear that for Pedro Paramo all desire for change has evaporated, and the early snapshots of bliss which were reflected in the water-theme are presently just an unpleasant memory. Two occurrences associated with water close to the finish of the novel obviously show this. The first happens when Pedro’s child, Abundio Martinez, drinks a container of liquor to suffocate the distress brought about by the demise of his significant other. Minutes after the fact, he wounds Pedro Paramo in a tanked rage. Water has been utilized to speak to the negative impact of Pedro Paramo, and in this demonstration of retribution it is as if Abundio has cleansed himself of all the shrewd that he had acquired from his dad. Without will and without the binding together intensity of affection, Pedro Paramo has become, as his name recommends, simply a sterile heap of stones. By picking the name Pedro Paramo, and by closure the novel as the fundamental character crumbles into a heap of stones, Rulfo has proposed that what his character speaks to, Pedro: stone, Paramo: desert, has become a piece of the dry, fruitless, no man's land of Comala.

An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

An Inspector Calls Creations seen: Â · BBC Television Production (1981) Â · Film Production (1954) Part I J.B.Priestly's play is set in the spring of 1912 in the family unit of an upper-working class family in the north of England. The plot of this sensational play is based around the Birling family's contribution in a little youngster's self destruction. The Birling family comprises of the two guardians, Arthur and Sybil Birling and their two kids Eric and Sheila. Gerald Croft is soon to turn into an individual from the family as he has as of late declared his commitment to Sheila. As the story unfurls we locate that every one of the relatives is somewhat to fault. Which part anyway conveys the most fault? It is significant to understand that J.B.Priestly has made it purposely hard to place the fault exclusively on one individual. Having perused the play and seen two creations of it, I have arrived at the resolution that Mrs Birling is the most to fault. This end was established for some reasons. One such explanation was expected to the procedure of disposal. Each Character, albeit blameworthy, has various obligations and various degrees of fault due to their contribution with the young lady, their response to the updates on her demise, how they contrast with different characters and how the crowd would or ought to see them. In the event that we first take Mr Birling, who is addressed by the Inspector first. Mr Birling is portrayed by Priestly as 'overwhelming looking, rather portentous...in his center fifties with genuinely simple manners....rather common in his discourse. Birling is genuinely fruitful in his line of work and is continually endeavoring to turn out to be better. He is affected and somewhat affected. He could even be portrayed as antiquated. Be that as it may he is a warm character and the crowd ought to see him in that capacity. Instances of this grandiosity can be discovered a great deal in the content. For model, on page seven of the content, Mr Birling babbles about such jabber like The resilient Titanic, next to no possibility of a Universal War and of Russia being in fact and socially behind Mr Birling originally got familiar with Eva Smith when she came to work in his processing plant two years beforehand. Mr Birling began the chain of occasions which lead to Eva's demise by terminating her from her activity for requesting a compensation rise and ( when the ascent was won't) for arranging a strike. Despite the fact that Mr Birling shows generally little blame or regret for Eva's passing, I don't feel that he is totally mindful as toward the finish of the play he does in actuality feel extremely regretful when the Inspector conveys

International Marketing(2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Universal Marketing(2) - Essay Example The association of EITC or Du for the most part offered administrations, for example, fixed lines, versatile administrations, internet providers, communication just as advanced TV benefits that upgraded its incomes and overall gain by US$ 2.77 billion and US$ 540 million in the year 2012. In addition, because of the introduction of fluctuated sorts of administrations, the brand picture and notoriety of the association upgraded by a huge degree when contrasted with numerous other adversary players (Du, 2014). Dealing intensity of the client: the haggling intensity of the clients of Indian market is very high. This is chiefly because of the nearness of various opponent players, for example, BSNL, MTNL, Vodafone, Airtel, Aircel and so forth. Accordingly, the association of EITC or Du need to offer new administrations at a serious rate so as draw in the clients of Indian market towards the brand when contrasted with others (Grant, 2010, pp. 110-123). Dealing intensity of the providers: the bartering intensity of the providers is very low. This is primarily in light of the fact that; the marked and presumed associations consistently attempt to keep up a concurrence with the well known providers in order to achieve best administrations to its objective clients. In this manner, so as to hold its position and notoriety in the market, the providers needed to comply with the standards and guidelines of the associations (Grant, 2010, pp. 110-123). Serious contention: the degree of competition is incredibly high in India. This is essentially because of the nearness of many opponent players, for example, Vodafone, BSNL, Airtel, Idea, Aircel and so forth. Other than this, every single telecom specialist co-op is attempting to offer changed kinds of creative administrations to its clients in order to upgrade its predominance and piece of the overall industry when contrasted with others. Along these lines, so as to keep up its position and positioning, the association need to offer high focus over item improvement procedure when contrasted with others. Risk of substitute items: the danger of substitute items is amazingly high in the market

Stirrings of Revolt Essay - 275 Words

Stirrings of Revolt (Essay Sample) Content: Stirrings of Revolt NameCourse numberInstructors nameDate The British imposed a number of laws that stimulated heightened opposition in the British colonies. The laws included the Stamp Act, the Townshend Act and the Tea Act. The acts stimulated colonists to engage in coercive actions (Murrin, Johnson, McPherson, Fahs, Gerstle, 2011).Colonists reacted by filing a complaint bashing the idea of taxation without representation of the stamp act. Delegates from varied colonies united to petition the king to nullify the act. Opposition to the act turned violent with an incident where Massachusetts colonists attacked stamp agents and royal representatives. They also boycotted items that attracted stamp act taxes. The colonists lashed out at the Townshend Acts through disseminating circulars to inciting boycott against the imported products that had attracted the Townshend tax. Colonists also launched violent attacks against British troops on patrol such as the Boston Massac re. The repeal of the Townshend Act lifted taxes on all the products other than tea. In 1773, the Tea Act was enacted with the aim of reducing tea prices from the British East India Company. Colonists opposed the act through boycotting the tea. Colonists demanded that the shipped tea be returned to England upon its arrival at the dock. The highlight of this opposition culminated in the dumping of three hundred tea cases into the harbor (Murrin, Johnson, McPherson, Fahs, Gerstle, 2011). The stamp act attracted much outrage in the colonies particularly because the revenue collected financed Englands war agenda rather than the colonys commercial functions. The Colonists rebelled against the Townshend Acts as they generated external taxes that did not directly benefit the colonies. Outrage arose because the taxes were import based and the revenues earned from tea, lead, paint, paper, and lead o...

Indonesia economy analysis - Free Essay Example

INDONESIA ECONOMY ANALYSIS Indonesia is the fifth biggest country in the Asia and 19th in the world based on GDP growth1.It is rich in natural resources (minerals and fuel) and it owns a beautiful landscape to support its tourism. The weakness is in the Human Resources management and it resulted to low distribution of income. One of the alarms of Indonesia economy is in the year 2005. In 2005, world oil price became high and this made the burden on governments subsidy increased. This condition forced government to increase domestic oil price by 143 %. GDP as of the end of the year still grew impressively, but inflation and foreign exchange rate suffered the most. Inflation run 17.11 % and Rupiah depreciated toward most of strong currencies. Bank Indonesia raised the interest rate to 12.75 % to restrain the inflation and do an intervention to stabilize Rupiah. Indonesia GDP is expanding year after year. It shows the upward trend which means that the growth of economy is well-developed. In the year 2008, Indonesia has met their expectation for the growth to 6.3%. It is accelerated by the rising price and demand for the nations coal, palm oil and rubber pushed exports to a record (Unditu, A. Ghosh, A., 2008). Increasing in the net exports will raise the GDP growth. It is reported that Indonesia has reached an unprecedented $12.9 billion or 16.1% exports in June 2008 as rising shipments to India and China (www.bloomberg.com). It is expected that Indonesias economy will grow around 5.5% year on year in the first quarter, helped by increasing consumer spending and lower inflation. Finance Minister of Indonesia, Sri Mulyani Indrawati is very optimistic about the future economy in Indonesia. She said that Indonesia can still maintain a quite healthy growth for this year. (Indrawati, S.M., 2009) She plans to spend more than 72 trillion rupiah on infrastructure to boost growth and create jobs. Indonesias economic growth will be forecasted to 5% for 2009, down from 6.3% in 2008. Morgan Stanley, Financial services firms, predicted that Indonesias economic growth may reach 7% by 2011. It is signaling the biggest economy in Southeast Asia. Stable political conditions despite the 2009 president elections and strong domestic demand despite the global economic downturn will help to push the economy towards its potential 6 to 7 percent growth from 2011 onwards (www.aseanaffairs.com). Therefore, Indonesia should use the momentum to gain a positive growth to attract investor to enter their market. Inflation in Indonesia is mostly influenced by foodstuff, housing construction, and prepared food. These three components are the biggest contribution (around 69% of the total CPI) in counting the inflation rate . In 2003, Indonesia ever experience deflation from 7.17% till 5.16%. This is because of the descent of price from those three components. But that condition hasnt taken forlong time, because it started to increase in 2004. The government has increased the interest rate till record as the highest interest rate in that year. Inflation continued and increased in 2005 due to the higher price of fuel oil. It is estimated that inflation in Indonesia will go up continuously due to the high price of food and petroleum price. By the year 2008, the inflation rates reached to 11.06%. It happened due to the global financial crisis. When inflation got high, the currency of rupiah became higher to other currencies. Every import products looks very expensive, because the price is increasing. Central bank governor Miranda Goeltom said on Sunday that Indonesias 2009 year-end inflation is likely to hit the lower end of the central banks forecast of 5-7 percent or around 6.2% due to anticipated ample food supply and lower oil price. Bank of Indonesia decided to decrease interest rate in the early of year 2002 in order to increase inflation. Therefore, it could relieved the expenditure of Indonesias budget because most of the obligation interest rate related to Bank of Indonesia interest rate. The increased in year 2005 was caused by a significant increased of inflation rate which was due to the hike of fuel price. The interest rate in year 2006 was declined because a slow pace of inflation,exchange rate of IDR was strenghthened, and Indonesia has a better position in term of loan. Interest rate was planned to be 7.5% for the next three months because Indonesia need more investment in order to keep their growth on 6%. Hence, hopefully Indonesia still has a better chance to create field work and reduce the percentage of poverty. Therefore, it can give a balance on the macroeconomic side. In the year 2007, BI has cut the interest rate to 8% due to the anticipation of increasing in inflation rate and economy in the near future. This decision is convinced to give a stimulus and keep the momentum of the development in Indonesia economic growth. It also concerned to the higher oil price at that time. The movement of interest rates slope is usually triggered by the movement of inflation rate. In the year 2008, the inflation rate increased to 11.06% so BI increased their rate again to 9.25%. (www.bi.go.id) BI has decided to cut the interest rate to 6.75 on June 2009 (Look at figure 5.3). This decision is concerned with the global financial crisis that happens till now. They did cut to facilitate of giving credit easily to stabilize the macro in order to keep on controlling well. In 2005, when inflation run high and oil price increased, the burden of oil subsidies gave its impact on Rupiah, and it was depreciated against US Dollar. Bank Indonesia took an action to do intervention in order to repress the volatility of Rupiah and it could regain to around 9,000 Rupiah per US Dollar. Since subprime mortgage happened in 2006, Indonesia foreign exchange rate showed a tendency to depreciate against US Dollar. But as of march 2008, Rupiah is strengthening to 9,200 because high oil and gold price made the value of US Dollar depreciated. However, this appreciation of Rupiah is not considerable because until April 2008, value of Rupiah remains stagnant toward US Dollar while in fact, US Dollar has already depreciated significantly against other currencies. But at the end of December, it was a turning point for USA. They got recession due to the credit crisis and collapse of the oil and commodity prices. The currency of US dollar suddenly appreciates around 13% compare to the year 2007. It is expected to depreciate again as long as the Indonesia can run the economy well and keep on stabilizing their economy condition. Euro is significantly strengthening against rupiah in 2005 because of high burden on government that resulted from high oil price. On August 6 bank indonesia cut its benchmark interest rate to bolster Rupiah and it is shown in 2006 where Rupiah gradually became stronger. Now, each Euro is traded more than 16,000 rupiah. Since the case of subprime mortgage happened, Euro is the currency that appreciated most against the US Dollar. With the condition that Indonesia is stagnant toward US Dollar, it will be likely for Rupiah to decrease against Euro in the future. Euro will grew 17.18% against rupiah for 2008, but it will decline 0.33% in 2009 to 16. 85% in 2009. Rupiah experienced the weakest value against Yen in 2005, where it reached 95 rupiah per Japanese Yen. The same reason for the three other currencies occur, that high inflation and large amount of government subsidy give significant impact on the weakening. For most times, Rupiah was traded around 80 Rupiah per Japanese Yen, but since 2007, it showed a tendency to depreciate. In relation to the weakening of US Dollar, Rupiah should not be depreciated against Yen. Eventhough it didnt mean that Rupiah should grew toward it, but in a stable condition and not showing some indication to fall. If we take a look on the above indices, Indonesias performance is good, GDP can still grow in a level of 6%. This implication starts from the same problem arose in 2005, because of high burden in the side of government, consumers confidence fall and currency was depreciated. An outlook stated that Rupiah will depreciate by 17.44% in 2008 but it will be able to gain for the next 3 years by a total of 14.05% . China Yuan is basically having a stable trend against Rupiah, as it moved in the level of 1,000 rupiah per Yuan. In 2005, when Indonesia experienced a high inflation, Rupiah is depreciated to the level of 1,200 but it bounced back to previous value in 2006. Now, in the midst of economy slowdown, Rupiah is gradually depreciated toward Yuan as it worth 1,623 Rupiah per Yuan as of December 31, 2008. Yuan will continue its appreciation against rupiah for the following year as quoted by eurobondonline and for 2009 it will have a gain by 10.74% and another 2.83% for the next 2 years. The growth of China that will be able to recover to its previous level in the future will be the main reason behind its appreciation.

What Are Ethics The Core Values - 1483 Words

INTRODUCTION TELTOK is a UK based leading telecoms services and solutions provider dealing with consumer and cooperate clients to provide the best experience in Telecommunications. Teltok began its journey as a small start-up venture undertaken by two students fresh out of university. Teltok was established in 1976 and is governed by OFCOM of the UK. Our technology allows us to analyse sensitive data and information, and due to the sensitivity of this information we must ensure that we instil core values into our business, and people. The core values we wish to provide our people, amongst others, must be those which deliver and provide our team to be driven to make the right decision, the most ethical decision, and by doing so we will uphold our reputation and allow our stakeholders to reap the benefits of their investment, through growth and capital return. Our core Values What are Ethics? Ethics are the moral principles and values that must be embedded in each individual of our business, allowing them to see the right and wrong in a situation, and choosing the right action to take in accordance with the company’s values. By setting out such rules through multiple training avenues (such as written modules, training webinars, and knowledge centre modules) we can offer rewards when correct decisions are made, and punishments when broken. Our code of ethics contains just 10 short rules of ethical conduct that all employees must follow. The overview to the Teltok code ofShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Ethics And Values1086 Words   |  5 Pages Each individual has a code of ethics which helps to establish morals. Morals play an important part when it comes to determining what is right and wrong. You should also have core values. I think the most important value to have is integrity. Integrity means to be honest in everything you do and to have high morals. 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Punishment Research Paper - 1317 Words

Punishment Research Paper Megan Marie Kayser University of Phoenix June 12, 2011 Patrice Jackson SOC/120 Punishment Research Paper There have been four types of justification for punishment throughout the years of society. From older punishments such as retribution to more modern punishments like societal protection, all have been put in place to protect society and to punish individuals for their deviant acts. To find out which type of justification for punishment is most effective, one needs to know how each work and the impact these punishments have on society. The first and oldest type of justification for punishment is retribution. An eye for an eye is the best example of retribution. The idea of this type of punishment†¦show more content†¦The person would have to want to be rehabilitated in order for it to work; if they are not ready the rehabilitation will not be successful. The fourth and final justification for punishment is societal protection. This is the imprisonment of an offender that has performed a deviant act for a period of time. This form of justificat ion is not only for the punishment of a criminal, but to keep balance and protect society from deviant behavior. This goes back to retribution and the question, does the punishment fit the crime? These four types of justification for punishment have all deterred crime effectively one way or another. As for which one of these deters crime most effectively, I would have to say deterrence is the best way. Like the 18th century, when societies were able to watch as criminals paid with their lives for the crimes that they have done was a huge impact on how society looks at the penalties for deviant behavior. We have the same affect with what we see and hear in today’s world as capital punishment became present. 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The writer, that is, The National Conference of State Legislatures, is a nonpartisanship agency who serves as a researcher for state and state-federal legislations that impact state politics, the agency was established in 1975, because of theRead MoreProposal Annotated Bibliography Assignment: Capital Punishment1255 Words   |  6 PagesProposal Annotated Bibliography Assignment: Capital Punishment Proposal Annotated Bibliography Assignment: Capital Punishment By: Richard Dilay Proposal I am proposing writing a research paper on the contemporary issue of capital punishment. While, capital punishment has been outlawed in Canada, it still remains a viable option in most parts of the World, including some areas of the United States. 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Pacific Model of Health - 2098 Words

Pacific Islanders health and wellbeing has a holistic approach involving spirituality and environment. As a result of these and other differences, pacific models have been developed. The Pacific people in New Zealand are represented by seven different countries which are Samoa, Cook Island, Tonga, Niue, Tokelau, Fiji and Tuvalu. This essay will describe one of the pacific health models, the Fonofale model, and will also discuss how this model can enhance nursing practice. Moreover, it will attempt to demonstrate the application of the Fonofale model to holistically assess the cultural and clinical needs of a Pacific client. Finally this essay will address the clients health concerns and resilient factors and one concern will be discussed†¦show more content†¦With these models, nurses practice will be enhanced by practicing in a culturally safe manner and cultural competency. Nurses should also carry out important values such as alofa (love), faaloalo (respect – founda tion for good relationships), usitai (obedience), and faamaualalo (humility – not putting yourself above others) to name a few. The Va is a term defining space between. All relationships especially the one between the client and nurse are sacred. One can violate that Va (relationship) by practicing in a manner that is not client focussed. As nurses it is our duty to be culturally aware and sensitive in order to enhance nursing practice (Manukau Institute of Technology, 2013). The Fonofale model was used as an assessment tool to assess the chosen client named Ana (pseudonym). With the permission of the preceptor accessing Anas notes was critical to gain insight to her scenario. Bridging the ‘Va’ and creating a meaningful relationship with Ana was important. This was carried out by visiting Ana three times prior to asking for consent to interview her, greeting Ana in her language (Tongan) and speaking some Tongan phrases. Active listening was also used and being non-judgemental. Therapeutic relationship was built with Ana by developing a sense of trust and rapport from her. Rapport is often increased by the use of humour, informality andShow MoreRelatedCultural Bias And Health Care Disparity1528 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Bias and Health Care Disparity: Introduction: Cultures, social, ethnicity, English proficiency are factors that my significantly affect the quality of healthcare. Patient’s perspective, values, beliefs and behavior are highly influenced by the sociocultural background pf the patient (1-5). These factors can affect dealing with patient’s symptoms, seeking care, pain toleration, care adherence, preventive measure, and health care expectations. There is a clear evidence that links Clinician-patientRead MoreThis Essay Will Discuss The Key Aspects Of The Health Models1596 Words   |  7 Pagesaspects of the health models Fonofale and Te Whare Tapa Wha, and describe how the key principles of these models relate to the everyday health of Maori and Pasifika peoples’. The principles of these models need to be recognised by paramedics, and acknowledge the cultural diversity of patients and the holistic way that Maori and Pasifika peoples’ approach different aspects of their health and well-being. Fonofale is a holistic health model designed to be used to assess the health and well-being ofRead MoreCervical Cancer Screening Programmes For The Women Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesavailable in different area depending on choice of who will take the smear. 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TRENDS OBSERVED IN THE LITERATURE The literature demonstrates trends that have appeared in the incidence, treatment and outcomes of seriousRead MoreVirtual Dental Homes : Will They Be The Wave Of The Future? Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Virtual Dental Homes†: Will They Be The Wave of the Future? 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Understanding And Abolishing Spiritual Stereotypes

Understanding and Abolishing Spiritual Stereotypes Substance abuse providers that believe spirituality and religion is one in the same, may hold the belief that an individual that is an atheist or agnostic will not have the opportunity to acquire spiritual opportunities when participating in alcohol and addiction programs (Sussman et al., 2013). In addition, these substance abuse providers may believe that when an individual that eliminates alcohol and drug abuse without the intervention of spiritual assistance, such as a Higher Power, they may believe that the individual will not have the capability to achieve and maintain balance within their sobriety and recovery. Sussman et al. (2013) suggests that these substance abuse providers unknowingly engage in a thought process that includes stereotypes. Suggesting that individuals, who engage in spiritual behaviors that do include a Higher Power, are more deserving of achieving sobriety and recovery because they are practicing by being involved with working the 12-step program, thus, mak ing them more righteous in obtaining a blessing from their Higher Power. Noteworthy, the term spirituality is often linked with religion with no specific boundaries out of lack of knowledge. Engaging in a spiritual practice that allows an individual to have a spiritual solution that is higher than them and gives them hope has a significant influence on alcohol and drug abuse. Gedge and Querney (2014) describe discussing spirituality withShow MoreRelatedSummary : Performance The Body 1550 Words   |  7 Pagesfeminism furthers feminism perception that women are of many colors, ethnicities, nationalities, religions and cultural backgrounds. Third Wave feminists have broadened their goals, focusing on ideas like queer theory, and abolishing gender role expectations and stereotypes. Through her career it was when gaga was performing as a gogo-dancer and in the New York underground night culture that she really found her nitch of what she wanted to do. But it is her music videos and performances with constantRead MoreMy Bondage And My Freedom By Frederick Douglass1885 Words   |  8 PagesThe autobiography My Bondage and My Freedom, by Frederick Douglass, illustrates the life and the journey of a born slave in Maryland, into liberation and the gradual understanding of slavery’s inconsistencies in general. He tell his story the public sphere, white non slaveholders, in hopes of helping them gain a better understanding of what slavery truly is from a first hand perspective. It starts off with a realization that he, his grandmother, and everyone around him belonged to someone named â€Å"oldRead MoreEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Words   |  54 Pages9 Beccaria, Cesare: (1738-1794) Italian nobleman, prominent in the eighteenth century, wrote On Crimes and Punishment (1764). Bentham, Jeremy: (1748-1832) Jurist and philosopher, prominent in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, advocated abolishing the death penalty. Cohen, Lawrence E.: Collaborated with Marcus Felson in developing the routine activities theory. Felson, Marcus: Collaborated with Lawrence Cohen in developing the routine activities theory. Chapter 3 10 Biological TheoriesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages48 v Cognitive Style Indicator 52 Locus of Control Scale 52 Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale 54 Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) 56 SKILL LEARNING 57 Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 57 The Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 CasesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesoppression reached once unimaginable levels—in large part due to the refinement or introduction of new technologies of repression and surveillance and modes of mass organization and control. Breakthroughs in the sciences that greatly enhanced our understandings of the natural world and made for major advances in medicine and health care were very often offset by the degradation of the global environment and massive spurts in excessive mortality brought on by warfare, famine, periodic genocidal onslaughts

Raphaels Portrait Leo X with Cardinals Guilio de Medici free essay sample

In Nelson Minnichs religious interpretation of Raphaels famous portrait of Pope Leo X, Minnich first begins with the very basics of the portrait; what is contained within its canvas and why it is there. From small clues such as these, he is able to lay the foundation for which theories and conclusions can be based. He first points out the location of the figures in the painting. Minnich believes that they are in a large room, seated before a green cloth on the wall, or cloth of honor. There is some speculation, however, as to exactly where this room is located. Several theorists, as well as he, believe that the location is a room in the Vatican, perhaps the library. He points out that there is reflection of a window in several objects in the portrait, allowing more narrowing down the location even further and debunking the library idea. We will write a custom essay sample on Raphaels Portrait Leo X with Cardinals Guilio de Medici or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the location not quite known, Minnich moves on to the color scheme. He points out that the painting is known for its use of red on the robes of the pope and cardinals, the furniture, and the table coverings. Red was considered a papal color, so this is not unusual in a papal portrait. What is unusual however, is the other two men accompanying the pope in the portrait who were painted in later. Minnich identifies these cardinals as Luigi deRossi, Leos first cousin, and Guilio deMedici, another of Leos cousins. Leo was extremely close with Luigi and this is shown by Luigis hands on Leos chair. Guilio was considered Leos right hand man, and is depicted as so in the portrait by being almost a part of Leos right arm. Minnich also points out that it is ironic that Guilio is depicted as a cardinal because his clerical status wasnt determined at the time. From here we move on to another important item in the portrait, the bell. This specific bell was made for Leo after his election and is a hand bell used for praying. Minnich explains that its presence is most likely to represent Christ in the portrait. Next to the bell is a magnifying glass which Minnich says is merely there to represent the popes nearsightedness. Leo would have needed the glass to read the next item on the table, his bible. The bible is obviously not an unlikely item, being that it is a portrait of a pope, but it is where the bible is opened to that is of importance; St. Johns Gospel. Minnich tells us that Leos first baptismal name was Giovanni, a name that came from this gospel. After inspecting the painting for obvious clues and symbols, Minnich is ready to discuss the possible reasons for the paintings existence. The first being the obvious, that it is merely a papal state portrait. He points out several reasons that this could be a wrong assumption. The painting was kept in Florence and not in Rome, like most papal portraits. It was much smaller than an average state portrait. And the most obvious objection was that there were three people present in the painting, which is highly unusual for a portrait. Minnich then suggests the possibility that Raphael was merely painting a family portrait. But then he quickly points out that no other of Leos relatives was involved. He also points out that the items involved, a bell, the bible, are not usually in state portraits. With the state portrait theory clearly discredited, Minnich tells readers of the theory that the painting is simply an occasional piece, saying that it was painted just to be displayed at the wedding of the Medici and Valois houses in lieu of the pope and his two relatives not being able to make the festivities. Minnich states that the clothing in the portrait clearly leads one to believe that the painting was done months before the wedding. The pope and his relatives would have to have known far in advance that they could not make the occasion and Luigi deRossi was actually recognized as being present the day of the wedding. He says that occasional pieces are not usually so planned out, but does however, mention that a lot would be explained had Raphael begun painting a portrait and then suddenly attempted to switch it into a wedding gift and add the two cardinals. Not fully committed to a purpose, Minnich takes a quick look at the eligious meaning behind the portrait. He mentions that Josephine Jungie has the most persuasive theory on the painting. She believes that the bible represents the stage of the Holy spirit, the bell represents the new age, and that Leo looking to the left represents his looking to the arrival of the new age, and thinking about his own appointment as an Angelican Pastor who will lead the Church in the final age. Minnich points out that this is persuasive because Leo was attempting to take on the roles that an Angelican leader would, yet points out the Jungie failed to find reason for the two cardinals in the portrait. He closes with admitting to readers that no one will ever really know Raphaels true intentions behind this famous painting. All we have is historical facts, symbols, ideas, and of course opinions to make up the reason for Pope Leo Xs portrait with Cardinals Luigi deRossi and Guilio deMedici.

On partnerships every duet is different Essay Example For Students

On partnerships: every duet is different Essay The partnership between an artistic director and managing director becomes dysfunctional if one person is supposed to light the spark and the other to contain it, observed Jack OBrien, artistic director of San Diegos Old Globe Theatre. Addressing the 65 participants from theatres across the country who gathered in San Diego June 19-20 for Theatre Communications Groups Artistic Director/Managing Director Forum, OBrien contended, We also have to acknowledge that every relationship of this kind is going to be different like fingerprints. Co-moderating the session on partnership and communication was OBriens managing director partner, Tom Hall. If you dont share a common value about what youre trying to do, then one of you should get out, Hall elaborated. My greatest concern is that were turning out very articulate business managers, but managers also need to be passionate and knowledgeable about the art form and how it works. Welcoming the group earlier that day, TCG executive director Peter Zeisler underscored the daunting pressures faced by todays artistic and managing directors. The easy solution he warned, would be to opt out and each do your own thing. Its hard to work through to a viable compromise. The forum, he noted, was a continuation of a series funded in part by the Pew Charitable Trusts that began in Philadelphia last December, aiming to open up a dialogue between artistic and managing directors about their dual responsibilities to artistic ideals and institutional health, and how they define and redefine their pivotal partnerships. Over the course of the two days, the broad range of artistic, management and governance topics included building new institutional models, developing broader audiences, prioritizing artistic goals in the face of financial limitations, improving management capabilities, addressing space needs, reflecting diversity and developing new audiences for the future. In a session on economic issues, San Diego Repertory Theatre producing director Sam Woodhouse and artistic director Douglas Jacobs described how crisis management can place a strain on the partnership, while forcing the theatre to evaluate everything in terms of money If its not essential, dont do it! while making long-range planning impossible. The only reason were still here, Woodhouse observed, is we believe in our mission statement. And were not going to change our mission because of economics. The recent financial crisis caused the theatre to eliminate the position of managing director and split the duties between the two of them, as well as to lay off a third of their staff. The picture is greatly improved now, after months of struggle, but Jacobs acknowledged the toll it has taken, telling the group, Sometimes Ive had to lay myself off in order to dream. One potential solution to coping with hard times, some participants felt, may lie in co-productions, which allow resources to be pooled, larger theatres to adopt smaller theatres and provide access to a broader audience. But several participants warned against seeing co-productions as a way to reduce costs, especially at larger theatres, and in cases where spaces are not compatible for the physical production. Co-productions are most useful for continuing the life of the play and enlarging contacts with artists you havent worked with before, said Gordon Davidson, artistic director of the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles. But its a double-edged swordevery time you do it you are giving up someone elses chance of doing something else. Co-moderating the final session on community and diversity, Davidson discussed how much the Taper has learned from its recent production of Anna Deavere Smiths Twilight: Los Angles 1992. It taught us that we are all |the other, and I think it has permanently altered our perceptions. All too rarely, he went on, do the outside and inside worlds connect so that the audience doesnt have to check their thoughts and feelings at the door. He believes that programming must expand to embrace a wider constituency, but, he cautioned, Programming also has to do with who is on your staff. Inclusion and empowerment are key. .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 , .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 .postImageUrl , .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 , .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9:hover , .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9:visited , .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9:active { border:0!important; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9:active , .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9 .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1d31af7b6ca07e7c76cd88580deb9f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Keely and Du EssayCo-moderator Benny Sato Ambush, associate artistic director of San Franciscos American Conservatory Theater, agreed: There is historical suspicion in communities of color. Suspicion and fear are often the very things that divide us, and if we dont at least acknowledge them, we cant transcend them. Some participants worried that theatres caught up in trying to be everything to everybody may be straying away from their missions. Others stressed that doing plays with a wider world view is as important for traditional white audiences as for communities of color. Some participants were hopeful that nontraditional casting, by making audiences see things in new ways, will eventually develop a new, colorblind audience. But Ambush favors a dramaturgical approach: Audiences know whats bogus. I hope more and more writers will write about interfacing its the promise of our American democratic ethos. I would like to propose an American theatre where any of us could go and say, |This place is about me.'

Social Science - 3 Dimensions Of Behavior Essays - Personality

Social Science - 3 Dimensions Of Behavior 1. The two people I will analyze on the three dimensions of temperament are my parents, a woman named Diane and her husband Andrew. Diane is a 49 year old woman who is currently unemployed. She was the vice president of a construction company. She has been divorced once. She has been married to Andrew for over 24 years. She is the mother of three children. I am the second born of her three children. Andrew is a 47 year old man whose occupation is supervisor of a large warehouse. This is his first and only marriage. He is the father of 2 of Diane's children. I am the first born of his two children. To know where I would place these two people on the three dimensions of temperament you must first understand what the three dimensions are. The first dimension is high and low gain. High gainers receive large doses of stimulation, therefore, they are usually shy and like a quiet environment. Low gainers do not receive enough stimulation, therefore, they seek out new forms of stimulation an d speak more often. The R A S (reticular activating system) in the center of the brain stem and the thalamus in the brain stem control this dimension. How high or low these parts of the brain are set at determines your place on this dimension. The second dimension is deliberation-liberation. A deliberate person deliberates, plans, and organizes a great deal. A liberated person acts on the spur of the moment and rarely plans or organizes anything. The frontal lobes of the brain and the limbic system of the brain (page 2) control this dimension. Where you are on this dimension depends on to what extent the frontal lobes control the limbic system. The third dimension is positive approach-negative withdrawal. A positive person is an optimist. A negative person is a pessimist. The left and right hemispheres of the brain control this dimension. Whether you have more left or right hemisphere alpha rhythm determines your place on this dimension. 2. In the following diagrams I will show where I believe Diane and Andrew to be on the three dimensions of temperament. High gain-low gain dimension: high gain low gain ^ ^ Andrew Diane Deliberation-liberation dimension: deliberate liberated ^ ^ Andrew Diane Positive approach-negative withdrawal dimension: positive negative ^ ^ Diane Andrew I believe Diane to be in the middle of the gain dimension. She (page 3) likes to go out and do things, but, she is just as happy staying home and reading or watching television. She fits the descriptions that Ornstein gives on this dimension. She likes stimulation, but, she does not like it all the time. Ornstein believes most people are in the middle of the three dimensions, Diane is one of the people in the middle of the gain dimension. I believe Andrew to be very high gain. Andrew does not like to go out and do things, he would rather stay home and watch television. Andrew does not like to have people visit his house because he wants a quiet environment all the time. Andrew fits most of the descriptions of a high gainer that Ornstein gives. He likes a quiet environment with little stimulation. I believe Diane to be very liberated. She is messy, unorganized, and always late. The only reason she cleans the house is because of Andrew's complaints about the messiness. Diane fits Ornstein's description of this dimension almost perfectly. She is like most o ther liberated people. I believe Andrew to be the opposite of Diane, he is very deliberate. Andrew plans and organizes everything. He is always on time, sometimes he is even early. Andrew fits Ornstein's descriptions of this dimension almost perfectly. He is like most other deliberate people and the opposite of Diane. I believe Diane to be a positive approach person. She is always happy and looking for the best in every situation. Almost nothing can make her feel sad. She fits Ornstein's description of this dimension very well. Diane is a true optimist. I believe Andrew to be a negative withdrawal person. He is always unhappy about (page 4) something. He rarely finds any humor in the jokes he is told. He also is prejudiced about race relations and homosexuality.

Sample Essay on How to Write a Sample Essay on Leadership Style

Sample Essay on How to Write a Sample Essay on Leadership StyleThe best way to write a sample essay to describe your leadership style is to look at your own personal and professional characteristics. You can take these to the computer and write them down in one document. Then, use that document as a guide to discuss what you would expect your reader to find when they read your sample essay.Using examples of your own leadership style is an important element in writing a sample essay on this topic. By giving specific examples of your leadership style, you'll be able to show readers how to interpret your words in terms of their own experiences. Many times, you will be asked to cite examples in your essay. As a result, examples are a great way to demonstrate what kind of experience a reader would have with your leadership style.Another thing to think about when you're writing a sample essay on this topic is what the main idea is. Some writers choose to start with their goal for writing t he essay, which could be to get a raise, increase their salary, or a promotion. Others choose to focus on one of their leadership style's core traits: leadership skills, leadership principles, or service to others.While you do want to begin by talking about your goal, you'll want to make sure that you provide some good examples to show readers. Sometimes, it's very important to show examples of your leadership style to demonstrate how it can benefit someone else. Giving examples of each trait will help to illustrate your point.To better understand how you can correctly represent your leadership style in a sample essay, you should understand how to present this information in written words. It is important to take time to write a sample essay on this topic that shows your ideas in a clear and concise manner. Here are some tips to help you organize your thoughts and present your ideas effectively:First, decide on the overall theme of your essay. Consider your audience and what they're hoping to achieve with your writing. Then, come up with a structure that helps you organize your thoughts and create a clearer picture of what you hope to communicate.The structure you choose for each of your sentences will depend on the structure of your essay. If you have a more detailed structure, then you will need to have a specific order in which you organize the sentences. If you are not a professional writer, then you might find it helpful to work with someone who is.Take some time to create a brief description of your essay. This will help your readers see what kind of information you hope to include in your essay. If you're unsure of what kind of information to include, you can always ask a friend or a member of your research team to help you out.

Free Essays on Girl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen

Girl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen The book Girl, Interrupted, is more of a collection of brief essays on Susanna Kaysen’s experiences rather than a story, contains more of Susanna’s personal insight on her disorder and allows the reader to be come more intimate with Susanna. The novel is the autobiographical account of Susanna Kaysen’s life just after her graduation from high school in the late 1960s. At this point in her life, Susanna has no direction decides to attempt suicide, taking a bottle of aspirin followed by a fifth of vodka. Susanna survived her suicide attempt and was then sent by her parents to see a psychiatrist. At their first meeting, of which Susanna still cannot recall the length, the psychiatrist immediately decided that Susanna would require hospitalization in a psychiatric ward. Directly following that meeting, Susanna is put into a cab and sent to the McLean Hospital. Upon her arrival at the hospital, Susanna is diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and spend s over a year in the ward. Throughout the course of the book, Susanna describes her year at the hospital, including the people she met and events that took place. She describes the other girls in her ward: a sociopath, a pathological liar, a girl that is sexually abused, a girl that lit herself on fire, etc. She also tells of events: the visit of her boyfriend, a trip to the ice cream parlor, and of the times when her friend, Lisa, ran away. There is no plot, the book is simply a gathering of her observations from her inner self, other patients and their lives, and the world in that year in which Susanna’s life was interrupted, retold in a â€Å"darkly comedic† fashion. The language used is alternately funny, quirky, and sometimes brutally strong. Susanna describes her world at this time as a â€Å"parallel universe† often questioning if she is crazy and what it is that determines a person to be crazy. The book does not concentr... Free Essays on Girl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen Free Essays on Girl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen Girl, Interrupted, By Susanna Kaysen The book Girl, Interrupted, is more of a collection of brief essays on Susanna Kaysen’s experiences rather than a story, contains more of Susanna’s personal insight on her disorder and allows the reader to be come more intimate with Susanna. The novel is the autobiographical account of Susanna Kaysen’s life just after her graduation from high school in the late 1960s. At this point in her life, Susanna has no direction decides to attempt suicide, taking a bottle of aspirin followed by a fifth of vodka. Susanna survived her suicide attempt and was then sent by her parents to see a psychiatrist. At their first meeting, of which Susanna still cannot recall the length, the psychiatrist immediately decided that Susanna would require hospitalization in a psychiatric ward. Directly following that meeting, Susanna is put into a cab and sent to the McLean Hospital. Upon her arrival at the hospital, Susanna is diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and spend s over a year in the ward. Throughout the course of the book, Susanna describes her year at the hospital, including the people she met and events that took place. She describes the other girls in her ward: a sociopath, a pathological liar, a girl that is sexually abused, a girl that lit herself on fire, etc. She also tells of events: the visit of her boyfriend, a trip to the ice cream parlor, and of the times when her friend, Lisa, ran away. There is no plot, the book is simply a gathering of her observations from her inner self, other patients and their lives, and the world in that year in which Susanna’s life was interrupted, retold in a â€Å"darkly comedic† fashion. The language used is alternately funny, quirky, and sometimes brutally strong. Susanna describes her world at this time as a â€Å"parallel universe† often questioning if she is crazy and what it is that determines a person to be crazy. The book does not concentr...

Book fair

BOOK FAIR- 2012 WHEN E-BOOKS MEET THE MANGO PEOPLE†¦ It was a fine sunny morning when I with my bunch of my classmates went to the 18th annual Delhi book fair on 6th September 2012 at Pragati Maidan. It was  a nine-day affair featuring discussions on proliferation of e-books and interaction with authors, apart from availability of vast number of books on divergent genres. We were supposed to report for a radio show as per our curriculum and were told to reach Pragati Maidan at 10 in morning. Getting up early and witnessing the bumpy metro ride I reached Pragati Maidan at 10.30 am. All are group members waited for the respected teachers to give us the gadget. The time we waited for the teachers to come we discussed about the theme of our radio show. As soon as we got the recorder we tightened up our belts and went to hall no. 8 from where the book fair commenced. We chose children’s book as our theme for radio show and decided to take the bites of all the students and children. First of all we went to the information desk to know about the number of stalls that were based on children books and educational games. We found that out of 235 stalls 40 to 45 stalls were dedicated for the children of all ages. We also came to know that the theme of the book fair this time was e-books. We started with the school children of classes 3rd to 5th of New India Modern Public School and recorded their experience at the book fair. Also we talked to their teachers who told us about the books they preferred for their children. Then we all went to the group of school girls who came all the way from Himachal Pradesh along with their teachers to explore Book Fair 2012 as it was a part of their training program to learn English. They told us that it was their first visit to book fair and how it helps them in their training program. We also talked to the parents and children and different stall owners and recorded their aims and aspirations from the book fair this year. After we got the required bites we handed over the recorder to the other group and I went to look for different books especially the e-books. The new theme e-books influenced me a lot personally. The idea of saving trees by omitting paper for e-books was quiet paramount. I really liked the concept and especially the material that it offered. It was one of the easiest and environment friendly ways that makes reading and learning fun. I also went and saw many books by national geography and saw the epical photographs that were printed in them. Over all it was a nice educational expedition that was accompanied by fun and new learning ventures. VINAYAK VERMA SEM III-B

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Land Law - Essay Example The position of the ?40,000 'compensation' paid by Brad. 5. Possibility of Celeb Bank removing Angelina from the premises. Rules â€Å"A mortgage is a security for a loan†1. This involves a transfer of a legal or equitable interest in the borrower's land to the mortgage with a provision that the mortgagee's interest shall end upon the repayment of the loan plus interests and costs2. This means that a mortgage is some kind of a loan that is given to enable a borrower to get interest in a land. The mortgagee (one taking the mortgage) gets interest to a given land or property whilst it is paid for by the mortgagor from the owner of the land3. In the case of Abbey National Building Society V Cann4 G lived with his mother D in a property. D contributed to the purchase price of a property that they moved into which G, the son, held for himself and his mother. They moved to a smaller house costing ?4,000 more than the previous house they both bought. The mother was only aware of the necessity to move but she was not aware of the fact that her son had taken another mortgage of ?25,000 with the defendants. Due to the son's failure to repay the mortgage, Abbey National Bank sought to repossess the house. D, the mother, was now living with her partner in the same house and she argued that she had an equitable proprietary right under the Land Registration Act 1925 (Now Land Registration Act, 2002). She therefore moved from the new premises and entered the old house that the bank was repossessing 35 minutes before the bank took over. The bank argued that D had no rights in the property. In deciding the case, the court examined whether the property could have been purchased without the mortgage or not. Also, the occupation of the premises under Section 70 (1) g of the Land Registration Act 1925 had to be permanent and not temporal in nature. It was therefore held that D had no rights to the property. In Ingram V CIR5 the question of determining the equitable right was based on whether the contribution made by a person claiming equitable rights to the property was vital in the acquisition of the mortgage or not. If it was, then the person has proprietary rights. If not, then there was no such right. Also, in National Province Bank Ltd V Ainsworth6 a distinction was made between proprietary interest and personal interest. In this case, the House of Lords held that before a right or interest can be admitted to the category of property right, it must be definable, identifiable by a third party and have some degree of permanence or stability. If there are some rights that do not fall in this category, it is classified as personal interest and is not a proprietary right and cannot lead to any claim under property law or trust law. Also, in the case of Lloyd Bank and Rosset7 it was held that the failure to contributing to the cost of running a house is not sufficient to create a proprietary right in a given property. Pettitt V Pettitt8 also demonstrate d that a man who contributed by making improvements to a house bought and owned by his wife was not substantial enough to create a proprietary interest. Where there was some contributions that was made by a cohabitee to the property, it becomes a resulting trust9. On the other hand, if the

EC Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EC Law - Essay Example It is evident that the European Union needs to put some laws to prevent companies that produce mobile phones from producing phones with such negative impacts. Although the European Union set up a law on the amount of radiation a phone is expected to emit, the British government has not yet implemented it (Steiner, 2003, pp.51-60). The fact that the British government is reluctant in implementing the law, the French Verizon Phones Sarl company has raised a complaint that the phone companies in British need to adhere to the limit set by the EC laws on radiation. It is doing so because it has adhered to the regulations set. The British government is facing a little bit of set backs since the implementation by mobile phone companies in reducing the emission of radiation form phones will take longer than expected. The idea that implementation will be delayed was given by the UK Federation of Mobile Telephones Retailers (FMTR) as it is the joint body of all manufacturing and retailing phone industries. The federation and the government are working to ensure that the companies adhere to the rules of emission to protect the country form being sued by the French mobile company that has already written a complaint to the European Commission and the Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in the district where it is bas ed (Steiner, 2003, pp.51-60). The Buzz Phone Company is a British company that manufactures phones. The company does not adhere to the radiation limits set in mobile phones. It is faced with very many set backs in trying to adhere to the regulations. It is faced with high production costs due to high levels of unemployment in the area it is situated. For such reasons, it does not have enough money to implement on the regulations of radiations because it is expensive. The French company, Verizon Phones Sarl, has already written to the EU commission on the issue. It is not clear if

Terrorism Essay -- essays research papers

Terrorism JUNE 1914: a young man in Sarajevo steps up to a carriage and fires his pistol. The Archduke Ferdinand dies. Within weeks, the first world war has begun. The 1940s: the French resistance kill occupying troops when and how they can. June 1944: at Oradour-sur-Glane, in central France, German SS troops take revenge, massacring 642 villagers. August 1945: the United States Air Force drops the world's first nuclear weapons. Some 190,000 Japanese die, nearly all of them civilians. Within days the second world war has ended. Which of these four events was an act of terrorism? Which achieved anything? Which, if any, will history judge as justified? And whose history? Terrorism is not the simple, sharp-edged, bad-guy phenomenon we all love to condemn. No clear line marks off politics from the threat of force, threat from use, use from covert or open war. Who is or is not a terrorist? The suicide bomber, the rebel guerrilla, the liberation front, the armed forces of the state? Terrorism is fundamentally a political act. Terrorists act to advance a cause they mean to create tyranny, either directly or indirectly, so that the political order that they prefer can take the place of the current one. Terrorists can be either rebels seeking to overthrow a state or states seeking to overthrow the international order or states seeking to maintain privilege for rulers and stifle dissent among the people. In every case the motivation for terrorism is explicitly without an exceptio...

Dealer Satisfaction

WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT Introduction A firm is required to maintain a balance between liquidity and profitability while conducting its day to day operations. Liquidity is a precondition to ensure that firms are able to meet its short-term obligations and its continued flow can be guaranteed from a profitable venture. The importance of cash as an indicator of continuing financial health should not be surprising in view of its crucial role within the business.This requires that business must be run both efficiently and profitably. In the process, an asset-liability mismatch may occur which may increase firm’s profitability in the short run but at a risk of its insolvency. On the other hand, too much focus on liquidity will be at the expense of profitability and it is common to find finance textbooks begin their working capital sections with a discussion of the risk and return tradeoffs inherent in alternative working capital policies.Thus, the manager of a business entity is in a dilemma of achieving desired tradeoff between liquidity and profitability in order to maximize the value of a firm. Importance of Working Capital The working capital meets the short-term financial requirements of a business enterprise. It is a trading capital, not retained in the business in a particular form for longer than a year. The money invested in it changes form and substance during the normal course of business operations.The need for maintaining an adequate working capital can hardly be questioned. Just as circulation of blood is very necessary in the human body to maintain life, the flow of funds is very necessary to maintain business. If it becomes weak, the business can hardly prosper and survive. Working capital starvation is generally credited as a major cause if not the major cause of small business failure in many developed and developing countries. Objectives of Working CapitalIt is becoming more and more difficult to use debt to finance mechanical engineering firms. Companies in this industry are therefore forced to optimize their capital employed in order to become less dependent on borrowed money. Management of Working Capital While the performance levels of small businesses have traditionally been attributed to general managerial factors such as manufacturing, marketing and operations, working capital management may have a consequent impact on small business survival and growth.The management of working capital is important to the financial health of businesses of all sizes. The amounts invested in working capital are often high in proportion to the total assets employed and so it is vital that these amounts are used in an efficient and effective way. However, there is evidence that small businesses are not very good at managing their working capital. Given that many small businesses suffer from under capitalisation, the importance of exerting tight control over working capital investment is difficult to overstate

The world financial industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3412 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 1.0 Introduction The number of bank mergers in 1990s has increased 215%. (Becher, D.A., 1999) From 1987 to 1997, the value of mergers and acquisitions in the world financial industry has reached nearly 1.4 trillions of US dollars. (Cybo-Ottone, MurgiaSince, 2000) Since bank mergers become popular, there has a controversy about whether bank acquisitions create value for target and bidder shareholders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The world financial industry" essay for you Create order This paper gives a literature review about this paradox and it is divided by four parts. First part is the reasons for bank mergers. Second part shows the literatures before 1990. Third part recent studies, which examine this paradox from two different methods-studies on announcement and studies on sub-sampling the population of merging banks. 2.1 Reasons for bank mergers Houston, James and Ryngaert (2001) demonstrate the main reason for bank mergers. Bank mergers can reduce costs and/or increase revenues. Cost reductions can be achieved by eliminating redundant managerial positions, closing overlapping bank branches, vacating redundant headquarters facilities, and consolidating back office functions like check clearing. Cost cutting potential may be greater when merging banks have geographic overlap. Bank executives frequently claim that mergers with considerable operations overlap can result in cost savings equal to 30% of the targets non-interest expenses. Revenue enhancements can come from a variety of sources. The most frequently cited source is cross-selling of bank services. However, this reason does not mean bank mergers can create value for shareholders. There have some empirical evidences to show the limited of cost saving. In U.S bank market, intrastate mergers are more likely to generate cost synergies than interstate bank mergers, be cause over-lapping branch networks do not exist across states. (Shaffer 1992; Holder 1993; LaWare 1991). In the European Union market, Altunbas, Molyneux and Thornton (1997) find that the mergers between German and Italian bank and between French and German banks will limited the cost saving. 2.2 Researches before 1990 To examine the paradox that whether bank mergers can bring values to target and/or bidder shareholders. In early studies, James and Wier (1987) try to examine the effect of other potential bidders and alternative target firms on the returns to acquirers shares. They find that there has a positive relationship between gain to acquirers and number of alternative target firms available, in contrast, a negative relation with the number of other potential bidders. Similarly, by studying 26 acquisitions during 1979~1985, Neely (1987) find bidder firms gain significant positive returns. However, difference from James and Wier (1987), who did not study the returns which gained by target firms, Neely also find target firms gain significant returns for the entire sample of banking firms during the announcement week and during the weeks before and after announcement. In addition, Becher (1999) points out the some weakness in previous study. He says that, first in some researches of bank me rger activities only use short time period and relatively small size, for example, James and Wier (1987) study 60 out of 265 potential banking mergers over 9 years, while Neely (1987) focuses on a-7 year period data , and Trifts and Scanlon (1987) examine 21 acquisitions over 4 years. Furthermore, a lot of studies do not examine combined firms returns, instead they focus on bidder and target firms separately. Hawawini and Swary (1990), by examining a sample of mergers from 1972 to 1987, they simply use a weighted average of the average gains (losses) to bidder and target firms. The formula they used to measure of total revaluation is: (Vt/Vb ) In the formula (Vt/Vb )is the average target book to bidder book equity ratio before mergers, is the target firms average abnormal return and is the bidders average abnormal return. They find that their results only provide tentative evidence that bank mergers can create values. 2.3 Studies on announcement There are majority of studies focus on changes in stock market prices by considering the period of the announcement during the merger. The aim of these studies is trying to find out whether the announcement of a bank acquisition brings shareholder value (normally in the form of cumulated abnormal stock market returns) (Altunbas and Marques, 2006) Previous research on the stock market reaction to bank merger announcements concentrates on the stock market revaluation of bidders and/or targets but does not consider the revaluation of the combined bidder and target. While Houston and Ryngaert (1994) says all existing bank merger studies find positive target bank stock returns at the announcement of a merger, many recent studies find negative bidder returns. Thus, it is unclear whether the combined revaluation of the two firms is positive or negative. Houston and Ryngaert (1994) points out the study of Hawawini and Swary (1990) need a more complete analysis, which should calculate th e gain from each merger and then aggregate across all mergers instead of a weighted average of the average gains. Also, their research does not consider the post-1987 mergers. Thus, in Houston and Ryngaerts study (1994) they extend their study past 1986 and examine the stock markets perception of bank mergers in the period 1985-1991. In order to properly measure the returns of each merger and get the â€Å"information leakage† relative to each deal, they also identify the leakage date and the agreement date. The leakage date is the first announcement when the target firm became a merger candidate. The agreement date is the initial day that the merger agreement reported in the WSJ or NYT. (Houston and Ryngaert, 1994) Event study methodology also is used in their study to estimate the abnormal returns for the target and bidder. As a result, they most important finding is that when the combined bidder and target values together at the announcement of these mergers there are n o apparent positive value are created. Targets have positive returns, which are offset by negative returns to bidders. This finding is similar with accounting studies that no apparent cost savings from the average large bank merger. They also find that in recent years, total returns have been higher. Houston and Ryngaert (1994) speculate there are three reasons to explain their finding. First, explanation is that they do not create real synergies. Alternatively, while in our sample there do have a number of good acquisitions, which means after the merger the bank has great opportunities for cost savings, however the returns to these good acquisitions are canceled out by a large number of bad acquisitions. The second explanation they mentioned in their paper is that the probability of a firm being a target may be better recognized than the probability of a firm being a bidder. Thus, target firm prices are bid up in advance of a merger bid, but bidder returns are not bid down. Thir d, since most takeover bids are stock financed, the acquisition announcement of a bidding bank may be sending out the signal that the firms stock is overvalued. Undervalued bidders may tend to refrain from making an acquisition. This suggests that estimated total returns may be a downward biased estimate of the synergies resulting from bank mergers. Houston, James and Ryngaert (2001) point that most studies show a bank acquisition can not create value when the value, which was combined of the bidder and the target, increases on the announcement of the acquisition. They give three reasons to explain this. First, merger announcements contain the information refer to the proposed acquisition with information about the acquisitions financing. Bank acquisitions tend to be financed by stock issuance. Stock offerings are generally interpreted as signals of the issuers â€Å"overvaluation.† Thus, bidding firms negative announcement returns may be caused by negative signaling, w hich is unrelated to the value created by the acquisition. Similarly with this view, Houston and Ryngaert (1997) conclude that the returns to bidders are significantly less in bank acquisitions financed with stock than financed with cash. Second, Houston, James and Ryngaert (2001) say that mergers are largely anticipated. As a result, the positive merger effects on bank value do not appear in announcement-date stock returns. They use Dow Jones News Service as an example. This service in July 17, 1995 gave a report in Barrons that there are five bank stocks thought most likely to be acquired. In the next year, four of these five banks were acquired. Third reason is that bidding firms negative announcement return will cause disappointment, which means the bidding firm is less likely to be acquired in the future. Houston uses an example that PNCs acquisition of Meridian Bancorp destroyed value because the likelihood that PNC would be a takeover candidate decrease. These problems suggest that the combined stock returns of the bidder and target on the announcement of an acquisition can understate any value gains associated with a merger. 2.4 Studies on sub-sampling the population of merging banks After the study of Houston and Ryngaert (1994), US studies have pay attention to sub-sampling the population of banks acquisitions according to their product or market-relatedness. (Altunbas and Marques, 2006) The aim of such studies is to estimate whether certain shared characteristics between targets and bidders could bring or destroy shareholders value. Mergers of banking firms are classified according to their activity and geographic similarity or dissimilarity. (Delong, 2001) The findings of these studies also separate to two groups. Some empirical results from the United States illustrate that mergers of banks showing in terms of geographical or product strategies could destroy the combined of target and bidder shareholders value. Amihud, De Long and Saunders (2002) examine cross-border (geographical) bank mergers effect on the risk and (abnormal) returns of acquiring banks. The abnormal returns in their study are measured through the world, home, and host bank indexes, which are used by bank equity investors. They consider the event window, which is the 12-day period surrounding the announcement of the acquisition, from 10 days before the merger announcement to 1 day after it was announced. Amihud, De Long and Saunders (2002) also examine the changes in total risk of investor reaction and the changes in systematic risk. They get the result that overall the acquirers risk neither increases nor decreases and there has the negative and significant abnormal returns to acquirers, however there are higher abnormal returns when in the acquirers home country risk increases relative to banks. Houston, James and Ryngaert (2001) point another interpretation about value destruction for acquiring firm shareholders is managerial hubris and corporate control problem. Similarly, Ryan (1999) argues that most bank mergers are not consider shareholders interests. Morck et al. (1990) find the similar conclusion that bidding firms values may reduce because o f managerial objectives. Because of their own interests, managers may overpay for acquisition that provide them with the private benefit of diversification. (Amihud and Lev, 1981) Gorton and Rosen (1995) argue that the primary motivation for bank acquisitions is empire building by bank managers who are insulated from the market for corporate control. Houston, James and Ryngaert (2001) also show an interpretation that the operating efficiency of the banking industry has been improved by consolidation, but previous large sample studies have not fully capture the corresponding benefits. Considering managerial hubris and corporate control problem, Houston, James and Ryngaerts (2001) study has two different from previous studies of bank acquisitions. First, their research contains the analysis of only large bank acquisitions over a longer period of time and also includes more recent mergers. Because of using only large mergers, their sample can help them to detect valuation consequ ences more readily than a sample including smaller transactions. Furthermore, analyzing transactions over a period of 12 years from 1985 to 1996, they are able to study whether the bank mergers can create value for shareholders of both targets and bidders. Second, basing on 41 acquisitions they get managements projections of the mergers estimated cost savings and revenue enhancements. These projections help them to identify the primary reason of management for these acquisitions and also enable them to quantify the likely valuation consequences of the mergers. Houston, James and Ryngaerts (2001) estimate the present value of the incremental earnings that management expects from the merger. We then investigate the relation between these estimated gains and the change in the market value of the stock of the bidder and the target. This analysis indicates the extent to which investors agree with managements projections of cost savings and revenue enhancements, which in turn provid es important insights into what the market is looking for when it values bank mergers. Their results are the opportunity to cut costs can bring estimated value gains to shareholders from bank mergers, because bank acquisitions can eliminate overlapping operations and consolidating backroom operations. Cutting cost is more important than estimated revenue enhancements. Furthermore, there is a strong and positive relation between bidder and target bank merger announcement returns and managers estimated cost savings. In addition, Houston, James and Ryngaert (2001) find bank mergers during recent years (those occurring in the 1990s) are more likely to be accompanied by managements projections of cost savings, and generate higher abnormal returns than acquisitions prior to 1990. Banking mergers can create value to shareholders Mergers are classified according to whether they focus or diversify along geographic and activity areas. (Delong, 2001) Morck, Shleifer, and Vishny (19 90) provide evidence that diversifying mergers destroy values. However, their study only focuses on returns to bidders. Pilloff and Santomero (1998) point out that the value and the number new bank acquisitions in the US continues to grow unabated even though academic studies find that bank mergers can not bring significant gains in value or performance. Delong (2001) demonstrates that he use different methods on examining whether diversifying bank mergers destroy or create value for both target and bidder shareholders. First, Delong examines diversification both in terms of geography and in terms of activity. It is very important to examine geographic diversification in the United States, because at the state both the market for corporate control but and the activities in which banks may participate are influenced by the regulation level. Morck, Shleifer, and Vishnys findings are not immediately applicable to banking because of the regulation. Regulation will influence corporate control. For example, Cornett et al. (1998) find that during the time of their study, interstate bank mergers were highly regulated and destroy the value for bidders upon announcement. While, intrastate bank mergers did not destroy bidder value because there had few or no restrictions. Another example we can see in Palias study. Palia (1993) find that the merger premium, which was paid by the bidder to the target, was influence by regulatory restrictions. The targets will be made more appealing in the States which have restricted branching, and therefore the premium will be increased. Second, Delong (2001) finds that industry specific factors can influence returns, so he focuses on the banking industry and provides a control for these factors. The market return is the on of usual control. Sweeney and Warga (1986) find that risk is another factor to influence returns, because investors ask a premium if there has a high interest rate risk. Thus, in Delongs finding, he study correc ts for interest rate and other risks related on bank. Third, Delong examines intra-industry mergers in order to minimize the impact of inter-industry effect. Himmelberg et al. (1999) show the impact of inter-industry that firm performance will be influence, because inter-industry may make spurious results in analyzing the relation between performance and ownership. Since I focus on the banking industry, the results can be considered robust and immune to inter-industry differences. Finally, differ from previous studies. Delong (2001) uses cluster analysis to examine stock returns and to determine activity focus. Therefore, his study presents a new dimension of diversifying versus focusing bank acquisitions and examines the effects of these types of mergers on the total value. Delongs sample is consisted of domestic U.S. bank acquisitions, which were announced during 1988 to 1995 and the mergers between publicly traded firms where at least one is a banking firm, as reported b y the Securities Data Company. The result of Delong (2001) is diversifying either activities or geography, or both, do not bring value to shareholders in the acquisitions. Overall, mergers of banking industry neither destroy nor create shareholders value. However, in Delongs study acquisitions that focus both activities and geography can bring a positive 3.0% return. Bidders in the mergers, which focus both activities and geography, do not destroy value, while bidders in the other merger groups do destroy shareholders wealth. The earnings do not have large difference between targets, which enter into focusing mergers and targets in the other groups. Therefore, the findings of Morck et al. (1990) for the banking industry are proved by Delongs study. In addition, Delong enhance the study, which is difference from most previous study, that mergers focus on both activities and geography can crate value to both target and bidder shareholders. In consistent with Delong, Cornett et al. (2003) argue that bidders focus on both product-relatedness and geography do not destroy shareholders wealth. Conclusion This paper tries to review the literature about the paradox that whether banking mergers can create value to the target and bidder shareholders. The selected papers, ranging from 1987 to 2006, encompass most aspects of the study. This review covers a substantial bulk of literatures, which can represent the main stream research in this field. First part is the researches before 1990. The representative of this part is James and Wier (1987), Neely (1987). This part also points the weakness of these studies. The weakness is examining the returns for targets and bidders separately. Second part of this paper reviews the latter literatures, which combining value the targets and bidders. In these empirical literatures, they analysis whether bank mergers create values following two main empirical methods. The first is whether the announcement of a bank acquisition brings shareholder value. Most of literatures about this aspect, such as Houston and Ryngaert (1997) find that banking me rgers destroy shareholders wealth. Another method sub-sampling the population of banks acquisitions according to their product or market-relatedness. Empirical evidences from the U.S demonstrate that acquisitions of banks showing shareholders value are decreased after banking mergers. (eg. 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